Intshayelelo yokuSebenzisa okuNye iisirinji eziNzala

Intshayelelo yesirinji

Isirinji sisixhobo sonyango esidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lezempilo kangangeenkulungwane.Iisirinji, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukutofa amachiza, amayeza okugonya kunye nezinye izinto, ziyitshintshile indlela iingcali zempilo ezibonelela ngonyango kunye nokhathalelo kwizigulana.Kweli nqaku, sazisa iisirinji kwaye sixoxe ngembali yazo, amacandelo, iintlobo, kunye nokubaluleka kwezonyango.

Imbali yesirinji

Ingqikelelo yesirinji yaqala kumawaka eminyaka, kunye nobungqina bezixhobo ezifana nesirinji ezifumaneka kwimpucuko yakudala efana neJiphutha neRoma.Iisirinji zakudala zaziyingcongolo okanye amathambo ancanyatheliswe kwizikhongozeli ezenziwe ngesinyi sezilwanyana okanye iziqhamo.Ezisirinji zamandulo zazisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuhlanjwa kwamanxeba nokugalela amayeza.

Nangona kunjalo, akuzange kube yinkulungwane ye-19 apho isirinji yaba nenkqubela phambili enkulu.Ngowe-1853, ugqirha ongumFrentshi uCharles Gabriel Pravaz wenza inaliti ye-hypodermic, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesirinji yanamhlanje, ethi itofe ngokuthe ngqo emzimbeni.Enye impumelelo enkulu yeza ngo-1899 xa usokhemisti waseJamani u-Arthur Eichenrün wavelisa isirinji yokuqala eneglasi yonke, ebonelela ngesikhongozelo esingenaziphene nesicacileyo sokutofwa ngokukhuselekileyo.

Amalungu esirinji

Isirinji eqhelekileyo inamalungu amathathu aphambili: umphanda, iplanga kunye nenaliti.Isirinji yityhubhu eyicylindrical ebamba into eza kutofwa.Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngeplastiki okanye iglasi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ibonakala kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo.I-plunger, edla ngokwenziwa ngeplastiki, ingena kakuhle emgqomeni kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza uxinzelelo kunye nokutyhala izinto ngaphandle kwesirinji.Inaliti encanyathiselwe ekupheleni kombhobho yityhubhu encinci enomngxuma enencam etsolo esetyenziselwa ukugqobhoza ulusu nokuhambisa izinto emzimbeni.

uhlobo lwesirinji

Iisirinji ziza kwiindidi ezininzi kunye nobukhulu, nganye iyilelwe injongo ethile.Ukwahlula okuqhelekileyo kusekelwe kumthamo wesirinji, kunye neesirinji ukusuka kwi-1ml ukuya kwi-60ml okanye ngaphezulu.Imiqulu eyahlukeneyo isetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bento ekufuneka igalelwe.

Olunye ulwahlulo lusekwe kusetyenziso lwesirinji.Ngokomzekelo, iisirinji ze-insulin zenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo abantu abanesifo seswekile abafuna ukutofa rhoqo i-insulin.Ezisirinji zinenaliti ezibhityileyo kwaye zilinganisiwe ukuze zinike iidosi ezichanekileyo ze-insulin.Kukwakho neesirinji ezenzelwe ukutofwa nge-intravenous, iinaliti ze-intramuscular, okanye iinkqubo ezithile zonyango ezifana neempompo zomgogodla okanye i-lumbar punctures.

Ukubaluleka ekusebenzeni kwezonyango

Iisirinji zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyango ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.Okokuqala, yenza ulawulo lwedosi oluchanekileyo noluchanekileyo.Iimpawu zokuthweswa izidanga emgqomeni zivumela iingcali zempilo ukuba zilinganise kwaye zinike isixa esichanekileyo samayeza afunekayo kunyango.Oku kuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwesigulane kunye nokwandisa iziphumo zonyango.

Okwesibini, iisirinji zivumela ukuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye nezinto ngokuthe ngqo egazini okanye kwizicubu zomzimba ezijoliswe kuzo.Oku kuqinisekisa ukufunxwa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo kwechiza, okukhokelela ekupheliseni ngokukhawuleza kweempawu okanye unyango lwemeko esisiseko.

Ukongeza, iisirinji ziququzelela ubuchule be-aseptic kwaye zithintele ukusasazeka kosulelo.Iisirinji ezilahlwayo kunye neenaliti ezilahlwayo zinciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko kuba zilahlwa emva kokusetyenziswa kanye.Esi senzo sinciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokudlulisela i-arhente eyosulelayo ukusuka kwesinye isigulane ukuya kwesinye, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwezempilo jikelele.

ukuququmbela

Ukuqukumbela, isirinji sisixhobo sonyango esibalulekileyo esitshintshe ukuhanjiswa kwamachiza kunye nezinye izinto.Imbali yayo ende yophuhliso ibangele ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kuyilo kunye nokusebenza, oko kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwezonyango.Ukuqonda amacandelo, iintlobo kunye nokubaluleka kweesirinji kubalulekile kubo bobabini abaqeqeshi bezempilo kunye nezigulana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulawulo lonyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo.

I-1, ibhatyi iyabonakala, kulula ukujonga umphezulu wolwelo kunye namaqamza

2. I-conical joint 6:100 eyilwe ngokomgangatho wesizwe ingasetyenziswa nayo nayiphi na imveliso enomgangatho we-6:100 we-conical joint.

I-3, imveliso ivalwe kakuhle, ayivuzi

I-4, inyumba, i-pyrogen ayinayo

I-5, i-inki yokunamathela iqinile, ayiwi

I-6, isakhiwo esichasene ne-skid esikhethekileyo, sinokuthintela intonga engundoqo ukuba iphume ngengozi kwibhatyi